The Importance of Communication in the Turnaround of SAS Essay

The Importance of Communication in the Turnaround of SAS Definition of communication Communication is the exchange of messages between peoples for the purpose of achieving common meaning. Or it can define as the process by which information is exchanged and understood by two or more people. A fundamental of principles communication is that the symbols the sender uses to communicate messages must have essentially the same meaning in both the sender’s and receiver’s minds. Purpose of communication People communicate with each other in order to get the messages they need, and utilize them for the further use, but what’s business communication different from general communication. It’s not just getting message for uses, but data involving in operating the tasks as well. The purpose of communication can be divided into specific purpose as follow: - To convey information: - To explain the nature and implications for the business: - To establish rules for dealing with different situations: - To stimulate action: - To create relationships between the members of the organization: - To form collective decisions and render them generally acceptable: - To instruct: instruction manual for operating a computer: - To evaluate: performance appraisal records: - To meet human and cultural needs: Communication breakdown You can never assume that the message in your mind will be perfectly transmitted to your receiver. We need to identify different patterns of communications and we need to draw conclusions about the most and the least effective patterns of communication, and report their evaluation to avoid misunderstanding. Communication breakdown happens when the recipient don’t receive the meaning of the message or interpret the message as the different meaning from what sender tries to encode. Communication breakdown can be seen from absences of decoding from the recipient. Factors of communication breakdown: - Physical distraction : it happens when something bother the communication and lead recipient or sender from transferring the information. Example: when someone is talking to you and suddenly your cell phone ring. - Different channel/medium: Sender should choose the appropriate channel/ medium to assure that the information could be reach by the recipient. This involves adjusting the channel/ medium with ... ...!† thus Carlzon reinforces both verbally and nonverbal that he really means what it says in the red book. Furthermore, top management is willing to support the front line. To celebrate the initial turnaround, Carlzon sent every one of the 20,000 employees a gold wristwatch. Since then, major efforts to communicate with employees have helped SAS earn an international reputation for good service. As the success of SAS, I’ve suggested that good communication and associated interpersonal processes in organizations are important ingredients of organizational effectiveness. Although effective communication is critical to all management functions, it is particularly vital to the leading function because it provides a necessary conduit for efforts to interact with and influence others. Carlzon uses communication and interpersonal processes well to nurture SAS unique culture. Thus, effective communication between individuals or within a group is the element that can lead the company go through the crisis and to the brightness. It is also the basis for the company to implement the compatible and harmony environment and enhance its productive force among the industries.

Laptops in the Classroom Essay

The article â€Å"Laptops in the Classroom? No Problem† by Elena Choy is started with a great quote that makes the readers think about their instructor . â€Å"A teacher is someone who never says anything once (106). † Choy puts up an argument about whether or not laptop computers should be banned in the classroom. She also made it known that some professors may need to reevaluate their teaching techniques. Most professors feel that laptops in class today have become a huge distraction in the learning environment. Some students choose to use their laptop for other reasons other than taking notes. Students who choose to play games during class are obviously bored with the material or the teacher. This is becoming a problem in many classrooms today. Choy’s views on students with laptops do not have an effect on her teaching, and other professors should not let it distract them from doing their job. First, Choy really tries to see both sides of the story in this situation. She came up with some points on what most professors think about the subject. There were top four reasons for banning laptops in classrooms due to Choy’s research and experience. Choy’s reasons were â€Å"(1) the upraised lids of laptops distract the instructor, and they often prevent the instructor from making eye contact with the students;(2) laptops distract other students, who cannot help but see what is on the screens—-for example Facebook and twitter;(3) students who use laptops to take notes, take overly extensive notes, which means that they are doing stenography and are not really focused and thinking about what is going on in the classroom; (4) most students are so busy taking notes on their laptop do not participate in whatever discussion there may be in the course (106). † Choy has made it clear that in her class, there are only a select few who use laptops. She feels that if the students choose to take notes on their laptops and play games, then that is their choice. Choy’s does her job, she feels it is up to the student to pay attention and learn. Different students have different ways of learning. Based on Choy’s knowledge, she thinks that students take notes the best way they can. Some prefer to take shorthanded notes, while others prefer long detailed notes. Choy provided reasons and supporting information to get both parties’ points across. Last, â€Å"Laptop’s in the Classroom? No problem† is an essay that many professors around the globe can relate to. She makes the reader think about the situation from both sides. There were things that she said that most readers could really relate to. In some of my classes, most instructors say that they prefer students with laptops to sit in the back of the class or not have them at all. However, some students feel that teachers should not make students sit in the back just because of their note taking methods. Choy made a point about the teacher needs to stop worrying so much about the student’s laptop and focus on their lecture. Although, some teachers think that banning laptops will help the classroom’s atmosphere, it might do the opposite. Laptops are being perceived as distractions in the classrooms, when they have actually become helpful to some students. Choy has provided information to show both sides of the arguments. She did an excellent job on not taking one side. Choy thought that many professors should ask a hard question: If students in my courses are using laptops for purposes unrelated to the course, what am I doing wrong? Choy said that teachers should just do the jobs that they are being paid to do which is teach. Students are there to learn and it is up to them to do it. So if the laptops are banned, students will most likely have another form of entertainment in class, such as a cell phone or an Ipod. This argument over banning laptops can easily be solved by students and teachers playing their parts. Work Cited Choy, Elena. Laptops in the Classroom? No Problem. The Little, Brown Reader 2008. 106.

Gandhis Act Of Civil Disobedience - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 506 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/07/02 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Civil Disobedience Essay Mahatma Gandhi Essay Did you like this example?   For a long time people have fought for freedom and liberty against those that oppress them. One example of civil disobedience was Gandhis Mahatma also known as The Great Soul because he was an influential person who fought for the equality of the people of India. Gandhis ideals come from being influenced by his devoted mother about Hinduism and Jainism believing in nonviolence and respecting all religions. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Gandhis Act Of Civil Disobedience" essay for you Create order One way he demonstrated his discontent was by marching 241 miles on the coastal town of Dandi to the Arabian sea. This is seen as an act of civil disobedience because he was going against the British government in a peaceful manner by protesting non violently. He protested against the British due to the fact they refused to allow India to collect or sell salt. This act of civil disobedience was effective because even the British leaders acknowledged him as a force they could not suppress or ignore and finally granted Indias Independence on August 15, 1947.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gandhis act of civil disobedience was a great way to limit the amount of tension between the British government and the protesters. In 1888 Gandhi sailed to England to study to become a lawyer his first job in an indian company required him to move to South Africa. Was discriminated on a train because he had a dark complexion and was forced to give up his seat and sit on the floor. Staying in Africa for 20 years to fight against their discriminatory laws the government   during that time the rulers were The boers (Descendants of white settlers) passed a law requiring all Indians to register with the police and be fingerprinted. Gandhi and a group of Indians refuse to obey the law and were put in jail. In jail Gandhi read the essay civil disobedience By David Henry Thoreau a 19th century American writer. Gandhi adopted the term civil disobedience to describe his strategy of non-violently refusing to cooperate with injustice. Instead preferring to use the sanskrit word satyagraha (meaning devotion to truth).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Returning to India to help fight the unjust laws of the British leading a group of 78 followers on a march to the Arabian sea defying the british authorities by making salt from the sea water. His followers and himself walked over 390 kilometers (241 mil) from their starting point at Sabarmati Ashram.   Gandhi addressed large crowds within each passing day an increasing amount of people joined their march also called the salt satyagraha. By the time they reached Dandi the Arabian town Gandhi was ahead of tens of thousands, speaking and leading prayers while walking toward the beach to make salt. Soon after civil disobedience broke out across all of india involving millions of indians causing authorities to arrest more than 60,000 people Ganhi himself was captured on May 5th but the protesters continued without him. After Gandhis arrest a new leader rose ,On may 21, the poet Sarojini Naidu led 2,500 protesters on the Dharasana Salt Works, some 150 miles nort h of Bombay. Several hundred british-led indian police men ,met the protestors and brutally beating the peaceful demonstrators.

Movie Review Two Movies - 1519 Words

Two movies base on comic books written in 1963 and 2008. The Avengers first written in 1963 then made it to the theater in 2012, is a group of superheroes brought together to save the world. The Guardians of the Galaxy first appeared in 2008, later made into a movie in 2014 is a group of scavengers and killers work together to save the galaxy. Both movies were action packed and filled with humor and story. The character’s interaction with each other, the humor, and animation were written very well into the movie. The Avengers is made up of six people and one leader that doesn’t fight with them: Thor, Iron Man aka Tony Stark, Captain America aka Steve Rogers, Hulk aka Bruce Banner, Black Widow aka Natalia Romanova or Natasha Romanoff, Hawkeye aka Clint Barton, and Nick Fury. Nick Fury works for a secret organization called S.H.I.E.L.D. that very few people know about including the government. He makes the decisions with the restrictions made by the council of four government officials that know about the agency. He pulls together these secret agents and superheroes to defend against the villain Loki, who has the tesseract, a shining blue cube that can create a portal to the other side of the universe. The council is against this decision, but it is urgent so they let him do it anyways. Each character has their own style of doing things and personalities that makes it hard for the team to work together at first. As the movie goes on they start to like each other more. After aShow MoreRel atedLiterature Review Of The Movie Industry989 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Review Much research has been undertaken into predicting movie box office revenue and success. 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However, once in a rare moment then a movie comes out that is not just foe entertainment and dares to address a controversial issue. â€Å"The Blind Side† and â€Å"Precious† are two movies that I was very surprised at my reaction to them. My reasons for wanting to see both movies were as different as night and day. I went to see the â€Å"BlindRead MoreThe Lord of the Rings directed by Peter Jackson Essay927 Words   |  4 PagesInspirational Film A cultural product that inspires me is the film trilogy The Lord of the Rings, which was directed by Peter Jackson. This movie gave me inspiration because of how beautiful and well put together the film was. It made me want to be involved with the process of how great films are made. According to Wikipedia, â€Å"Jackson knew he wanted to bring the movie to the big screen, and was curious to why nobody decided to do so.† He wanted to take advantage of the new technology, and create a fantasy

Inside The World Of Human Trafficking Essay - 1999 Words

Inside The World of Human Trafficking Human trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery in which traffickers use force, fraud, or coercion to control victims for the purpose of engaging in commercial sex acts or labor services against his/her will. (â€Å"Human Trafficking.†) Differing definitions of sex trafficking in state laws make it difficult to know if the studies on sex trafficking are including consensual, adult sex workers, who are not victims of trafficking under federal or international law in their numbers. Vulnerable Native American women and youth are targeted by traffickers more than any other ethnic group. The data collected for the â€Å"Shattered Hearts† report from 95 Native women and girls suggest that the trafficking of Native girls into prostitution is a significant, though rarely discussed as a problem. Still, the studies do suggest that sex trafficking of Native women and girls, specifically, is present in the United States. (â€Å"Shattered Hearts.†) According to the author of an article entitled â€Å"Shattered Hearts,† violence and human trafficking against Native American women is deeply rooted from the colonial history of oppression. The U.S. Government’s extermination policies, religious persecution, resulted in the establishment of Native American reservations and the movement of Native children to boarding schools. These actions created an ongoing wave of new traumas in the lives of both native children and their families. Native Americans continue to carryShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking : The Post Modern Slavery?1353 Words   |  6 PagesName: Lara Kochenborger Professor: LaChe Pool Subject: English Date: February 19, 2016 Human Trafficking: The Post-Modern Slavery? 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Human trafficking is still an issue because it s still legal in some areas, and the government doesn t make an effort to help the young women and children who are as young as twelve in the trafficking business. The truth is, human trafficking is happening right in front of our faces, and in every country.These peopleRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Global Issue1280 Words   |  6 PagesTrade began long ago in the 15th Century, after the Portuguese started exploring the coast of West Africa. It is now six centuries later and we as a human race still cannot say that slavery has ended. Since the onset of African slave trading, trafficking of women and children has since developed and atrociously branched into the trafficking of human organs as well as sex. It wasn t until several hundreds of years later that the Emancipation Proclamation would be created and signed. President AbrahamRead MoreSexual Slavery : The Purpose Of Sexual Exploitation998 Words   |  4 Pagessuch a relationship is referred to as a concubine. Sex Trafficking defined- Sex trafficking is composed of two key aspects: human trafficking and sexual slavery. The two represent the supply and demand side of the sex trafficking industry, respectively. †¢ These sex trafficking crimes are defined by three steps: acquisition, movement, and exploitation. The various types of sex trafficking are child sex tourism (CST), domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) or commercial sexual exploitation of childrenRead MoreThe Problem Of Child Sex Trafficking1199 Words   |  5 PagesChild Sex Trafficking Have you ever walked into Wal-Mart and taken the time to look at the numerous pictures of missing youth that is plastered on the wall? When looking at how long they have been missing, it ranges anywhere from months to years. 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John Lewis Free Essays

Good day, everyone. Since you’ve just heard about the plus side, let us now talk about the weakness. Some may find the first few familiar but I’ll mention them again anyway. We will write a custom essay sample on John Lewis or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Firstly, in 2008, a scandal over expenses claimed by Members of Parliament revealed that John Lewis prices were being used as a guide to the maximum costs refundable to MPs when equipping London pieds a terre at a public expense. * Secondly, last year, pre-tax profits fell 3. 8%, to ? 354 million. * Thirdly, the very wet summer in 2012 has affected profits of businesses including retail and the hospitality industry. Besides that, there are a number more that we’ve manage to look up such as how * John Lewis performance slipped over the 2010 Christmas period. While all retailers practically underperformed during this time, John Lewis was the most exposed. At the time of writing, the share price was 361p with the 52-week low of 367p and high of 759p, which means that John Lewis Mamp;S had lost more than 50% of its value during the year (Sunday Times, 2011). * Similarly, the price/earnings ratio of 9. is very low as compared to that of its competitor’s i. e. Mark and Spenser. The price/earnings ratio is the key indicator of investor assurance in a company (Arnold, 2002). * Next, John Lewis has recently started cutting prices to match up the ever increasing competition. This may devalue the brand (The Economist, 2012). * Lastly, The company has been recently criticized for fuelling accusations of poor managerial incompetence, corporate governance and lack of transparency infuriating many large investors (Nugent and Hawkes, 2012). * Thank you. How to cite John Lewis, Papers John Lewis Free Essays {draw:frame} Introduction A chain of Retail stored, based in Great Britain, first opened its store in 1864 in Oxford Street, London. â€Å"Never Unknowingly Unsold† an altogether different concept in the market and offering to the customers holds a promise that the price of the products sold in John Lewis Stores will be the lowest in the neighborhood which even helped John Lewis to establish strongly in the British Market basically more amongst the middle class people. It has also been the motto and the slogan for the company for 76 years, since its establishment. We will write a custom essay sample on John Lewis or any similar topic only for you Order Now A partner of John Lewis Partnership which even includes other stores like Waitrose, Greenbee. Every Employee who works at John Lewis is a partner in the company and is entitled to receive bonus out of the profits company earns yearly. With Currently 29 stores Countrywide(28 John Lewis Retail stores and 1 John Lewis at home store) 8 more stores are yet to come in next 5 years in the UK, one of them at the Olympic Site in Stratford, London. Several stores are also in the category of listed buildings because of the architectural designing, one of them being the flagship store at Oxford street, London John Lewis Opened its largest store outside London in Wales on 24th September’2009 in Cardiff. With the efforts and the determination of the partners serving the customers with High Quality Goods and the best shopping experience, John Lewis has been able to reach the status of the Largest Retailer in the country. Stores in Reading and Berkshire were also awarded with Royal Warrant by Queen on 1st January’2007 for being a supplier of household and fancy products. John Lewis opened its first store as a small drapery shop at Oxford Street in 1864. John Lewis buys the control of Peter Jones in 1905 It was year 1918 when the first edition of Gazette was published, magazine by John Spedan Lewis. In 1920 John Spedan Lewis, Son of John Lewis incorporates John Lewis Partnership, which today has several companies including John Lewis, Waitrose( a chain of supermarkets offering food products) and Greenbee( offers Direct Services like Insurance etc) In 1933 John Lewis buys Jessops, well established store in Nottingham. First store outside London. In 1940 John Lewis also took over Selfridges Provincial stores. With the era of internet and connecting with world via internet, John Lewis launches its website in year 2001 allowing customers to shop online and getting products delivered at their door. Jessops rebrands itself as John Lewis in year 2002 Store in Caley shut its door for public in July 2006 John Lewis enters home Products too, opens up John Lewis at home shop in Poole, Dorset in year 2009,providng customers with wide range of products like Pillows, Duvets, Quilts. Attains the status of Largest Department Store Retailer in Goals and Objectives Goals and Objectives are important business terms, the two aspects which help a company to become what it wants to. Usually Goals and objectives are inter changed against each other, but practically they have really wide difference. Goal refers to what you aim to become, whereas objectives are the ways or steps to achieve those goals. John Lewis takes the competition to a new level to be UK’s favorite retailer, from its Never knowingly undersold tagline to providing best customer service to conducting their business relations with integrity helps them to be UK’s favorite retail house . Make sufficient profits from the operations to sustain commercial vitality. John Lewis does business with utmost care and low cost but never leaves quality, it has and will always maintain quality of its products, but the products are available at low and reasonable costs that the profits are high plus within the reach of middle class people, thus making it more famous and established amongst middle class of UK. Employee Satisfaction Every employee who works in John Lewis is a partner in the business. The profit is shared amongst the partners named as bonus, which motivates the employees to work harder being more focused and determined. An Individual’s brilliance, determination and zeal to work which showers fruitful results are rewarded separately. Customer Satisfaction John Lewis recruits only those people who know how to work with integrity, determination while abiding by the principles laid down, which helps John Lewis to provide customers with a different and homely shopping experience in their stores. The prices, quality and value of the goods is different from the other stores in the surroundings which helps in attracting more and more customers to their stores thus building a strong customer base and bond and even a brand image and goodwill for itself Strategic Planning Strategic planning is an integral process of an organization defining its strategies and direction and making decisions to allocate available resources to peruse laid strategies, which provides the organizations which a competitive edge over their competitors. Strategies formulated by John Lewis top level management are basically targeting at 3 core goals, they being:- Personal Satisfaction of the Employees Strong customer base, brand value and goodwill. Sufficient Profits yearly. Strategic planning included SWOT analysis, analysis done to analyze internal environment of the organization and to bring it at par with the external environment. SWOT stands for Strength It also includes PEST analysis which is done to examine the external factors affecting the business and how change in them will affect the business, which helps the organizations to be better prepared for those circumstances, PEST stands for Political SWOT ANALYSIS OF JOHN LEWIS Strengths John Lewis has a strong customer base, a brand image and goodwill which helped in becoming the UK’s favorite retailer leaving behind its competitors like Debenhams, Marks and Spencer’s etc, which itself is strength of John Lewis. Each and every employee who works in John Lewis is a partner, be it a part time employee or a full time which entitles them to have share in profit. Bonus is given to the employees at the end of FY out of the profit it earns, which motivates them to work hard and achieve targets set for them which helps the organization inturn. It seems that John Lewis has placed itself well on the environmental and green issues too. For eg:-The fair trade policy it follows with the producers the products in Africa. This helps in making themselves a positive brand in the eyes of customers and environmental activists. Being a part of John Lewis Partnership it is under the scanner of extremely experienced management team of John Lewis Plc and of its own. Weakness Unlike the expansion policy TESCO follows, John Lewis serves only the UK market thus restricting itself to UK customers. If a problem arises in food retailing sector, it will be difficult for John Lewis to cope up. Lack of flexibility for the employees. Opportunities Increasing online sales can be an opportunity because the company will get good returns as the website related cost is nothing as compared to online sales cost. The new store coming up at Olympic site in Stratford will cater to the Olympic fans, as John Lewis is the official sponsor to Olympic games and the official license holder to sale Olympic merchandize John Lewis will open its store in Dublin, which will help them to reach customers in Ireland thus expanding the business. Threats Customers might respond to new brand, John Lewis, in the country in a different manner from UK, even because of John lewis being a British brand. Various other small brands whose price cap matches with that of John Lewis can be a threat. Flexibility lacking in the working can be a threat to John Lewis, as the GREENBLOODED nature of the management at times can make employees frustrated. PEST ANALYSIS Political Factors Globalization, can prove to be a challenge plus an opportunity for John Lewis. Challenge as it will have to compete with Retail stores from round the globe who would even be providing the customers with better services and products better than John Lewis. Globalization can prove to be an opportunity as it will allow establishing themselves anywhere round the globe. Government taxation policy can reduce or increase the profit margin on products and services. -For example:- If the Corporation tax increases to let say 30% from 20% then John Lewis will have to pay more of taxes which will inturn decrease the profit Economic Factors, If the credit availment terms in the country are flexible, then availing credit will get easier from financial institutions which will help John Lewis to expand and grow even more. Along with economic conditions, bank policies play an important role in affecting the purchasing power of the consumers, better and flexible the bank policy and economic scenario healthy, purchasing power increases which in turn will increase sales of John Lewis, which will increase the profit percentage. With more and more competition in every segment from competitors like Debenhams, Marks and Spencer’s John Lewis management keeps on coming up with different types of marketing techniques , giving more and more of incentive to the customers; affecting prices , resulting in the less profit. Social Analysis. Things have changed a lot from the previous times, people don’t like standing in the queues, they prefer buying stuff online and getting the delivery at home. People even prefer billing themselves via self billing kiosks. Today to become more successful and profitable innovation and proper marketing has become the key. Consumers in the market have become aware about the Global climate problems; they are inclined towards companies who keep a check on carbon foot print are Green in there working in every aspect. Technological Analysis RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) technology can be used for significant benefits to the supply chain of Sainsbury’s. If adopted, this technology will lead to fewer inventories for the supermarket firms leading to a leaner, more profitable organization. Stores shall be technological advanced, usage of best quality Tills, ePOS systems ,ERP systems for managing the company in an effective and efficient manner. Conclusion How to cite John Lewis, Papers

Mussolini Essay Example For Students

Mussolini Essay Benito Mussolini was born July 29, 1883 near Predappio, Italy. He lived with his family in a small cottage attached to the school where his mother taught. His mother was named Rosa Maltoni. His father was a blacksmith named Alessandro Mussolini. He had a brother named Arnaldo, and a sister named Edvige. As a child, Benito was very strong willed, unruly, and violent. He was also mostly a loner.He actually preferred reading to playing with other children. His parents thought he would do better at a boarding school so, at age 9, he was sent to Salesian School. He hated it there and was as violent as ever. He threw an inkpot at a teacher and stabbed a child, just to name a couple of his violent outbursts. His parents then sent him to Royal Normal School, a secular school. He did much better there for it was less strict. He also made some progress in his academic skills there. In 1901, he graduated. He became interested in politics there so became an apprentice. In 1902, Mussolini qualified as a teacher. Later he left Italy for Switzerland to work odd jobs and become a political activist. In 1910, he got married to a lady named Rachele. That same year they had a child named Edda. In 1911, he got arrested for protesting the Libyan war. Also that year he became editor of the Avanti! newspaper. Three years later he started his own newspaper called: Il Popolo d Italia. Mussolini had another child named Vittorio and went off to fight in World War I. It is said he also had three other children, but their names and date of birth are unmentioned. In 1917, he was wounded in a training exercise so returned home. Mussolini was the founder and leader of Italian fascism, an authoritarian political movement developed in Italy and other European countries as a reaction to social changes brought by World War I and the spread of socialism and communism. Then King Victor Emmanuel III offered Mussolini a job as a figurehead monarch of Italy. Instead, Mussolini becomes prime minister after the March on Rome, an event staged by the blackshirts, which lead Mussolini to power. In 1925, Mussolini took leadership, as dictator, from the weak coalition government. He did this by earning trust by building new roads, houses, and factories. One of his many boasts was he made Italian trains run on time. In 1928, the Italian government was completely abolished. People had to obey Il Duce, Mussolinis nickname, meaning the leader, or be put in jail or, worse yet, be killed. Mussolini formed an alliance with Hitler in 1937. Two years later, World War II broke out, and Mussolini signed the Pact of Steel, a military alliance with Hitler. There were three dictators of World War II: Mussolini of Italy, Hitler of Germany, and Tojo of Japan. Mussolini mainly joined World War II because he was jealous of all the land Hitler and Germany were getting. However, Mussolinis old-fashioned army was not at all prepared, so it basically unsuccessful in attacking countries. In 1943, Mussolini was dismissed by King Victor Emmanuel III then arrested. After that, King Victor made peace with the Allies. September twelfth the Germans rescued him and made him head of a puppet government, or a government with no power.On April 28, 1945, Mussolini, the great Italian dictator, was captured by partisans, shot, and hung in a public square in Milan, Italy.Bibliography: